As a major province producing hazardous waste, in order to establish a relatively complete system of hazardous waste collection, storage, transportation, utilization and disposal by 2020 and realize the safe utilization and disposal of hazardous waste in the whole province, Shandong Environmental Protection Department recently issued the 13th Five Year Plan for the Construction of Hazardous Waste Disposal Facilities in Shandong Province (hereinafter referred to as the Plan). Can the Plan solve the problems of large amount of hazardous waste and insufficient disposal capacity in Shandong Province?
The disposal capacity of hazardous wastes is obviously insufficient
According to Li Jianzhi, chief engineer of Shandong Solid Waste and Hazardous Chemicals Pollution Prevention Center, Shandong Province is a major producer of hazardous waste. In 2015, there were 10117 enterprises producing industrial hazardous waste in the province. Except tellurium containing waste, thallium containing waste, and heat treatment cyanide containing waste, other types of hazardous waste were involved. The amount of hazardous waste requiring external treatment was up to 5.84 million tons, of which 24% was produced by chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing.
According to statistics, these wastes are various. The top three hazardous wastes are inorganic cyanide waste, waste acid and waste alkali. These hazardous wastes mainly come from a few enterprises that produce large amounts of hazardous wastes. Among them, the number of enterprises with an annual output of less than 10 tons accounted for 78.2% of the total number of enterprises, but only 0.15% of the total output of the province.
According to the statistical data of the province in 2015, there are 96 industrial hazardous waste recycling and disposal enterprises in the province, with a disposal capacity of 4.16 million tons and an actual utilization and disposal capacity of 2.31 million tons. From the perspective of self utilization and disposal of enterprises, 3.157 million tons were utilized and disposed throughout the year, including 1.167 million tons for comprehensive utilization and 1.99 million tons for disposal.
Li Jianzhi said that there are 39 types of hazardous waste with disposal qualification in the province, of which 35 types of hazardous waste, such as inorganic cyanide, waste acid, waste alkali, dye and paint waste, can meet the disposal needs, but the disposal capacity of incineration residue, barium containing waste, explosive waste and waste catalyst is insufficient.
Wang Liben, a professor of the School of Population, Resources and Environment of Shandong Normal University, believes that there is a big gap in the disposal capacity of industrial hazardous waste incineration residues in Shandong Province, and there is basically no disposal capacity for three types of hazardous wastes, namely, polychlorinated (brominated) biphenyl wastes, beryllium containing wastes, and selenium containing wastes. From the perspective of disposal capacity of each city, only Jinan, Yantai, Weifang and other places have comprehensive disposal capacity. Most cities have relatively single utilization and disposal capacity, while some cities produce hazardous wastes without corresponding disposal capacity.
Industry insiders reflect that Shandong hazardous waste disposal enterprises have small treatment capacity and low treatment facilities, and some wastes cannot be treated; Some industrial and waste enterprises do not deal with them, and they are handed over to unqualified enterprises, which increases environmental risks; At the same time, the centralized disposal of most hazardous wastes is incineration. The main objects of comprehensive utilization are waste mineral oil and inorganic cyanide. The utilization capacity accounts for more than 60% of the comprehensive utilization capacity of the province. The comprehensive utilization category is single and the versatility is not strong.
A person in charge of an enterprise said that at present, the hazardous waste disposal technology in the province is generally not high, and most disposal enterprises mainly take measures to reduce the amount of resources, and finally landfill.
Moreover, the collection and disposal system of special hazardous wastes such as waste hazardous chemicals in Shandong Province is not perfect, the disposal capacity is insufficient, and the storage pressure is high. At the same time, the economic, social and environmental benefits of hazardous waste disposal are low and the disposal process may lead to secondary pollution due to the weak technical research and development capacity of the operating units, most of the disposal facilities are backward, and the level of technology is not high. However, microwave technology has opened up a new way in the collection and disposal of special hazardous wastes such as waste hazardous chemicals. Using microwave technology to collect and dispose special hazardous wastes such as waste hazardous chemicals can not only achieve harmless and reduction, but also fully collect usable parts for reproduction, thus changing the economic, social and environmental benefits of hazardous waste disposal.
Encourage enterprises to build their own disposal facilities
In the face of difficulties, Shandong Province issued the Planning, which requires strengthening industry guidance, providing key support, and establishing a relatively complete system of hazardous waste collection, storage, transportation, utilization and disposal. The layout of hazardous waste utilization and disposal facilities tends to be reasonable, and the utilization and disposal capacity basically matches the types and quantities of hazardous waste, Ensure that the hazardous wastes in the province are properly disposed.
According to the relevant person in charge of Shandong Environmental Protection Department, Shandong Province will promote the construction of hazardous waste utilization and disposal facilities as a whole, and incorporate hazardous waste incineration, landfill and other centralized disposal facilities into the overall construction of pollution prevention infrastructure. Accelerate the completion of the construction of the hazardous waste disposal center under construction. Each city shall establish at least one comprehensive disposal center for hazardous waste, which is responsible for the harmless disposal of hazardous waste generated within its jurisdiction. In areas where there is no centralized disposal facility for hazardous waste or the disposal capacity is seriously insufficient, the construction of projects generating hazardous waste will be strictly controlled.
The Plan proposes that in principle, enterprises that produce more than 5000 tons of hazardous waste annually, and chemical parks where the sum of the annual hazardous waste produced by all enterprises in the park is more than 10000 tons, should build supporting facilities for hazardous waste treatment and disposal. Enterprises and parks with large amount and single type of hazardous waste are encouraged to build facilities for collection, storage, pretreatment and disposal of hazardous waste, and enterprises producing hazardous waste are encouraged to build facilities for comprehensive utilization or treatment and disposal of hazardous waste by themselves, and provide external business services.
In addition, Shandong Province will also strengthen the construction of hazardous waste collection system, actively promote the specialization and scale of hazardous waste classified collection, encourage hazardous waste disposal centers to build regional collection networks and storage facilities, encourage the development of professional hazardous waste transportation enterprises, and carry out third-party professional collection and transportation services.
Li Jianzhi introduced that Shandong Province will encourage the adoption of new technologies with mature technology, stable operation and reasonable economy to reduce the treatment cost of waste production units and reduce pollutant emissions; Encourage market-oriented construction and operation modes such as PPP, increase technological innovation and transformation, and improve the disposal and operation level of existing facilities. Implement the education and training system of hazardous waste utilization and disposal units, and improve their awareness of legal operation and standardized management.
Wang Liben said that the hazardous waste treatment industry has great potential. As the overall capacity of hazardous waste disposal is insufficient, it is a buyer's market. Hazardous waste disposal enterprises can not only collect disposal fees from the entrusting unit, but also sell at market prices Hazardous waste treatment Various products produced after.
Give priority to the construction of comprehensive disposal center
Experts from Shandong Environmental Planning Research Institute believe that at present, the layout of Shandong hazardous waste comprehensive disposal centers is unreasonable, and there are only 8 comprehensive hazardous waste disposal centers officially operating in 17 cities across the province.
For this reason, Shandong Province, based on the actual needs, gives priority to the development of comprehensive disposal projects with incineration, physicochemical, landfill and other capabilities, encourages the development of projects that can complement the weak points of disposal capacity, controls the use of projects with excess disposal capacity, forms a moderate benign market competition, and promotes the survival of the fittest business units and the overall improvement of the industry level.
According to the Plan, during the 13th Five Year Plan period, Shandong will invest 53 billion yuan to build 353 hazardous waste disposal projects, increase 15.38 million tons of industrial hazardous waste utilization capacity, and 7.13 million tons of hazardous waste incineration, physicochemical, landfill and other disposal capacity (including 68000 tons of medical waste disposal capacity).
Specifically, northwest Shandong will mainly develop a comprehensive centralized disposal center integrating incineration, physico-chemical and landfill. By 2020, 61 projects will be constructed, with a new industrial hazardous waste utilization capacity of 1.85 million tons and a disposal capacity of 1.5 million tons for incineration, physico-chemical and landfill.
In central and northern Shandong, we will mainly increase the capacity of waste acid recycling, improve the comprehensive disposal capacity of incineration and landfill, and improve the level of regional sharing. By 2020, there will be 120 projects, 4.5 million tons of new industrial hazardous waste utilization capacity, and 2.43 million tons of incineration, physicochemical, landfill and other disposal capacity.
Southwest Shandong mainly develops comprehensive disposal facilities integrating incineration, physico-chemical and landfill to ensure emergency disposal in the region. By 2020, 82 projects will be constructed, with an additional 3.17 million tons of industrial hazardous waste utilization capacity and 1.2 million tons of incineration, physico-chemical and landfill disposal capacity.
The Jiaodong Peninsula mainly develops the utilization and disposal projects of inorganic cyanide waste. Comprehensive disposal facilities integrating incineration, physico-chemical and landfill will be built in each city to meet the needs of hazardous waste disposal in the region. By 2020, 90 projects will be constructed, with an additional industrial hazardous waste utilization capacity of 5.86 million tons and a disposal capacity of 1.93 million tons for incineration, physico-chemical and landfill.
As for the source of funds, the Plan requires adhering to the principle of government guidance and market orientation, improving the diversified investment mechanism of the government, enterprises and society, expanding financing channels, actively promoting the PPP model in the field of hazardous waste disposal facilities construction, and increasing investment in the construction of hazardous waste disposal facilities; Actively strive for financial support and implement "reward instead of compensation" for centralized hazardous waste disposal facilities; Governments at all levels shall provide appropriate financial policy support for the collection and disposal of hazardous waste by public welfare units.
Industry insiders said that they hoped that through more than three years of construction, the safe disposal of all hazardous wastes in Shandong Province could become a reality.
